中国生态人类学的发展与反思

Development and Reflection of Ecological Anthropology in China

摘要

中国生态人类学已经走过了70多年的历程,经历了四个发展阶段。第一个阶段是20世纪50年代,始于民族识别与少数民族社会历史调查,以经济文化类型理论的完善及应用为标志。第二个阶段是20世纪80—90年代,生态人类学研究致力于对地方群体文化与环境的关系及其在现代化进程中的变迁进行解释,研究比较集中于西南地区与西北地区,形成了”适应模式”与”发展的代价”为中心的理论倾向。第三个阶段是21世纪前十年,生态人类学家聚焦生态环境变迁引发的自然与社会后果,强调发掘、保护和转化利用本土生态知识的重要性,湘黔桂地区和东北大小兴安岭地区生态人类学研究蓬勃发展。第四个阶段是最近十年,生态人类学家的研究视野扩展到了灾害、生物多样性、地方社会脆弱性和生态文明建设等议题上,研究地域扩展到了东南沿海、内陆江河流域和中原传统农耕地区。文章认为中国生态人类发展的动力来自于扎根本土田野经验的学术自觉、对研究对象及其所处时代社会情境变化的精准把握,以及与西方生态人类学理论对话的深入。进入生态文明建设新时期,中国生态人类学应挖掘中国传统文化中的生态文明理念,坚持扎根本土田野经验的传统,加强理论自觉,建构出与生态文明建设相匹配的新理论体系。

China’s ecological anthropology has gone through over 70 years of history,experiencing four stages of development.The first stage was in the 1950 s,which began with the investigation of social and historical research of ethnic minorities,marked by the improvement and application of theory of economic and cultural types.The second stage was in the 1980 s and 1990 s,during which the study of ecological anthropology was devoted to explaining the relationship between culture and environment of local groups and its changes in the process of modernization.The study focused on the southwest and northwest regions of China and formed the theoretical tendency of”adaptation mode”and”cost of development”.The third stage was in the first decade of the 21 st century,during which the ecological anthropologists focused on the natural and social consequences caused by the changes of the ecological environment,and emphasized the importance of exploring,protecting and transforming the native ecological knowledge.The study of ecological anthropology in Hunan,Guizhou and Guangxi and Xingan mountain regions in Northeast China boomed accordingly.The fourth stage is the recent decade,during which the research field of ecological anthropologists has been extended to disasters,biodiversity,local social vulnerability and ecological civilization construction,and the research area has been expanded to the southeast coast region,as well as inland river basins and traditional farming areas in the central China plains.This paper proposes that the momentum of ecological anthropology development in China comes from the academic consciousness rooted in conducting local field,the accurate mastering of the research object and the change of the social situation,as well as the enhancing profoundness of the dialogue with the western ecological anthropology theory.In the new era of the construction of ecological civilization,Chinese ecological anthropology should explore further the concept of ecological civilization in Chinese traditional culture,adh

作者: 曾少聪 罗意

ZENG Shao-cong;LUO Yi(Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100081;Institute of Cultural Anthropology,Xinjiang Normal University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830017)

机构地区: 中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所 新疆师范大学文化人类学研究所

出处: 《中央民族大学学报：哲学社会科学版》 CSSCI 北大核心  2021年第1期97-106,共10页

基金: 国家发展和改革委员会重点课题“培育生态文化,增强生态文明软实力”(2013年) 福建省哲学社会科学规划重大项目“海峡西岸经济区的生态环境与地域特色文化研究”(项目编号:2011Z014) 国家哲学社会科学基金项目“海外侨胞与铸牢中华民族共同体意识研究”(项目编号:20AMZ015)的阶段性成果

关键词: 中国 生态人类学 发展与反思 生态文明建设

分类号: C912.4 [经济管理]  X24 [社会学]